Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka’s second ancient capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its majestic ruins, well-preserved temples, and stunning statues. This city flourished between the 11th and 13th centuries, following the fall of Anuradhapura, and remains one of the best-planned archaeological sites in the country.

Why Visit Polonnaruwa?

"Polonnaruwa offers a fascinating glimpse into Sri Lanka’s medieval history. With its breathtaking ruins, colossal Buddha statues, and advanced water systems."

📜 History of Polonnaruwa

Established as the capital in the 11th century by King Vijayabahu I after defeating the Chola invaders. Reached its golden era under King Parakramabahu I (1153–1186), who developed advanced irrigation systems still in use today. The city thrived until the 13th century, when it was abandoned due to repeated invasions.

Top Attractions in Polonnaruwa

1. Gal Vihara (Rock Temple)

✔️ Features four massive Buddha statues carved into granite.

✔️ The reclining Buddha (14m long) is one of the most admired sculptures in Sri Lanka.

✔️ Represents the artistic excellence of the Polonnaruwa period.

2. The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu

✔️ A grand palace complex with 7 stories (now only ruins remain).

✔️ Was once a luxurious structure with 1,000 rooms.

✔️ Nearby, you’ll find the Council Chamber, where the king met with his ministers.

3. Vatadage (Circular Relic House)

✔️ A beautiful circular stupa built to house a sacred tooth relic of Buddha.

✔️ Features intricate stone carvings and four Buddha statues facing the cardinal directions.

✔️ One of the finest examples of ancient Sri Lankan architecture.

4. Rankoth Vehera Stupa

✔️ A massive stupa, 54m tall, built in the style of Anuradhapura’s famous stupas.

✔️ Originally covered in white plaster, now a striking brick-red monument.

✔️ One of the largest stupas in Sri Lanka.

5. Lankatilaka Vihara (Image House)

✔️ A huge standing Buddha statue (41 feet tall) inside an ancient temple.

✔️ The temple walls stand over 50 feet high and showcase intricate carvings.

✔️ A true example of Polonnaruwa’s grand Buddhist architecture.

6. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya

✔️ A unique structure with lotus-shaped stone columns.

✔️ Used as a prayer hall for Buddhist monks.

✔️ The delicate carvings showcase the artistry of the Polonnaruwa era.

7. Parakrama Samudraya (Sea of Parakrama)

✔️ A massive reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I.

✔️ Spans 2,500 hectares and provides water for agriculture even today.

✔️ A perfect spot for watching beautiful sunsets and birdlife.

🗺️ How to Visit Polonnaruwa?

📍 Location: North Central Province, Sri Lanka.

Best Time to Visit: November to April (cooler and dry season).

Polonnaruwa offers a fascinating glimpse into Sri Lanka’s medieval history. With its breathtaking ruins, colossal Buddha statues, and advanced water systems, it’s a must-visit for anyone exploring Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage.

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